hooshang afzali gorouh; farzad azad sharkian; Mohammad Ali Rostami; davod darvishi
Abstract
In this study, two methods of opening the pistachio shell (ice and mechanical methods) and natural opening at two storage temperatures (10°C and 25°C) and six months storage for Ouhadi pistachio cultivar, were compared in terms of peroxide index, acid number and sensory proprties. The results ...
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In this study, two methods of opening the pistachio shell (ice and mechanical methods) and natural opening at two storage temperatures (10°C and 25°C) and six months storage for Ouhadi pistachio cultivar, were compared in terms of peroxide index, acid number and sensory proprties. The results showed that the rate of changes in peroxide index during six months of storage varied from 2 to 3 mEq / kg, the changes in acid rate ranged from 0.51 to 0.85 mg / g and the moisture content of the samples varied from 4.36 % to 6.23 %. The highest amount of acidity (0.85 mg / g) and peroxide index (3.1 mEq /kg) in open shell samples was observed in the ice openenig method and storage tempreture of 25° C. The lowest acidity (0.51 mg / g) and peroxide index (2 mEq / kg) was observed in mechanical method opening and storage tempreture of 10 ° C. However, with the increasing of the storage time, peroxide index and acidity were incresed but the peroxide index at the end of storage in all treatments was found lower than the recommended safe limit (5 mEq /kg). The highest percentage (92%) and rate of shell opening (6.4 mm) were obtained by mechanical method. The percentage of pistachios that were crushed by the mechanical method was 2% and 3% higher than that in other two methods, respectively. According to the panel judges, the mechanical method was more desirable than the other two treatments with 86.5% of total acceptability. According to the significant effect of the appearance and chemical properties on the acceptability of the pistachio, it was concluded that the mechanical shell opening method was more acceptable method for artificially shell opening than the other methods.
Mohammad Ali Rostami; Nasser Taheri Khorasani
Abstract
Currently, the available crop and garden sprayers do not have the ability to spray palm trees at high altitudes. In this study, an air blast sprayer was optimized for high palm trees and its performance was evaluated and compared with the performance of trailed and wheelbarrow lance sprayers. In order ...
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Currently, the available crop and garden sprayers do not have the ability to spray palm trees at high altitudes. In this study, an air blast sprayer was optimized for high palm trees and its performance was evaluated and compared with the performance of trailed and wheelbarrow lance sprayers. In order to evaluate the sprayers in the region, eight important traits were considered. The results of this study showed that the optimum air blast sprayer quality was better than that of the trailed and wheelbarrow lance sprayers, such a way that the spray quality coefficient was 1.81 versus 3.3 and 3.84 for trailed and wheelbarrow lance sprayers. The presence of poison on the ground, in turbine sprayer was seventy-five percent less compared to the trailed and wheelbarrow lance sprayers. The amount of solvent in turbine sprayer is about 50% lower than that of tow lance sprayers. Spraying capacity was 54 trees per hour without the need for the worker for turbine sprayer and for trailed and wheelbarrow sprayers were 30 and 27 trees per hour with 1 worker. According to the results of this study, it is better to use an optimized turbine sprayer for spraying palm trees with different heights.
Mohammad Ali Rostami; Bahman Panahi; Gholamreza Baradaran; Assari Mohammad Javad
Abstract
In recent years, the drying blossom of date palm caused extensive damage to a considerable part of date palm orchards of Bam and Baravat, south of Iran. Drying blossom is responsible for a large amount of product loss and has been expanding in recent years. In this study, the technology of GIS was used ...
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In recent years, the drying blossom of date palm caused extensive damage to a considerable part of date palm orchards of Bam and Baravat, south of Iran. Drying blossom is responsible for a large amount of product loss and has been expanding in recent years. In this study, the technology of GIS was used as a quick and easy solution for monitoring of the drying blossom of date palm. It was carried out in three stages: collecting field information from damaged orchards, feeding GIS with all collected data, and extracting required information and the maps from the system which showed the severity and distribution of drying blossom in Bam and the suburb by three methods: nearest neighbor, inverse distance weighted (IDW), and kriging. Results, upon data normalization, and the trend analysis showed that the severity of the damage in the southern coastal orchards was much higher than that in central and northern regions; the finding led us to focus on certain geographical coordinates (58 degrees and 20 minutes east longitude and 29 degrees and 4 minutes northern latitude to 58 degrees and and 26 minutes east longitude and 29 degrees and 2 minutes north latitude). It has been found that the rate of drying blossom of date palm in 57.2% of the total damaged orchards were between 20-30%, and in 5.9% of the damaged gardens higher than 40%. Interpreting the results of the distribution of drying blossom on maps showed a relation between the severity of the disorder and the elevation of the area. It could be seen that the palm trees grown at altitudes above 1000 m suffered less damage; in other words, the higher the altitude, the less severity of drying blossom. The pictures received from Sentinel satellite showed that 56.2% or 2049 ha out of 3647 ha total area of palm orchards of Bam and Baravat was affected by drying blossom.
Mohammah Ali Rostami; Hooshang Afzali Gorouh
Abstract
Crop residue management is very important in farmlands. Conservatiion and proper management of residues, improves soil structure, retain moisture and reduces soil erosion. Whereas, crop residue burning converts organic material into ash, increases soil erosion and moisture loss from feild. The ...
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Crop residue management is very important in farmlands. Conservatiion and proper management of residues, improves soil structure, retain moisture and reduces soil erosion. Whereas, crop residue burning converts organic material into ash, increases soil erosion and moisture loss from feild. The aim of present study was to research for accurate, fast and inexpensive methods for monitoring farms where crop residues are burned. keeping this in view, the potential of Landsat 8 sensor local data for monitoring residue burning was evaluated, using three classification methods including; supervised classification, unsupervised classification and detection of changes. Total number of 120 farms with 4 different surface coverage namely: plant residue, soil, green plant and residue ash were considered. Burned field’s location and their area were determined through satellite image with tree methods and their results were compared with field results. The results showed that due to successive changes in surface conditions of experimental farms, between two satellite imagery, such as tillage, seed planting and planted crop emergence, the satellite imagery could not be monitor the burned farms appropriately. Location and estimation of burned farm area by supervised classification was done with high accuracy. Overall classification accuracy of supervised classification method was 96.6, kappa coefficient was 0.93 and R2 was 0.92. Although by the unsupervised classification method some burned farms were separated, but overall classification accuracy and kappa coefficient of this method was low (71.6 and 0.61 respectively). Finally and based on the results it can be suggested that, supervised classification was chosen for farms remote sensing, where crop residues are burned.
Mohammad Ali Rostami; Seiid Mansur Alavimanesh
Abstract
In this research suitability of dimension and size, location of some control equipment’s and driver surroundings with dimension, sizes and abilities of tractor drivers in Fars province was evaluated. Anthropometric data was essential requirement for adjustment of machine equipments with potentiality ...
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In this research suitability of dimension and size, location of some control equipment’s and driver surroundings with dimension, sizes and abilities of tractor drivers in Fars province was evaluated. Anthropometric data was essential requirement for adjustment of machine equipments with potentiality and competence of human. In this project the first necessary anthropometric data, for about 250 tractor drivers that were in age range of 20–60 year was measured randomly. The next some of prevalent tractors specifications in Fars province with anthropometric data of fifth and ninety and fifth percentiles of drivers was compared and evaluated. The results showed that stair space of evaluated tractors from the ground was more than optimum range. Chair depth of New Holland and Valtra tractors for fifth percentile drivers was great and for elimination of this difficulty proper seat back with adjustable thickness was recommended. The surveys showed that chair depth of model 285 and 399 of massey furgousen tractors was shorter than thigh length of ninety and fifth percentile drivers, which caused the driver’s discomfort. In massey furgousen tractor model 285 and Valtra tractors distance of steering wheel from seat reference point was more than hand length of fifth percentile drivers. Therefore the length of drivers hand was considered to be short for proper grip on steering wheel. The surveys showed that the drivers of massey furgousen tractors (Model 399) faced difficulty in for accessing the gear lever.
Houshang Afzali Gorouh; Mohammah-Ali Rostami
Abstract
The development of electric spinning machine to use in rural and nomadic areas can promote the manufacture of textiles. In this research a cashmere and wool electric spinning machine was fabricated and assessed. For the construction of machine, first the plan was drawn with SolidWorks software and then ...
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The development of electric spinning machine to use in rural and nomadic areas can promote the manufacture of textiles. In this research a cashmere and wool electric spinning machine was fabricated and assessed. For the construction of machine, first the plan was drawn with SolidWorks software and then the parts of machine were fabricated based on developed maps. Machine had 5 parts namely entrance, spinning, spindle, transmission and chassis units. For evaluation of machine performance, the effects of three factors such as rotate speed of spinning unit at three levels (300, 600 and 900 rpm), rotate speed for cashmere spindle unit (25, 50 and 75% of break for collector unit) and the arm's length of spindle at two levels of (100 and 200 mm) based on cashmere yarn breaking percentage, yarn diameter and machine capacity were evaluated. Machine was evaluated based on a completely randomized block factorial design with three replications. The results showed that the effect of rotate speed of spindle and spinning unit on changes of cashmere yarn breaking percent and diameter and speed of spinning unit on capacity were significant at the one percent probability level, but length of spindle had no significant effect. The result also showed that the interaction effect of spinning and spindle unit speed on cashmere yarn breaking and diameter were significant at the level of one percent, while, the interaction of them had no significant effect on studied treatments. Finally, It was concluded that reduction of yarn spindle speed can increase yarn breaking percentage. Thus, treatment L1N1V2 (with specification of arm's length of 200 mm, spindle speed of 25 percent of break for collector unit, and spinning unit of 600 rpm) had the mean yarn diameter of 0.14 mm, least yarn breaking percent (21%) and 9.6 kg per hour capacity, Hence, this treatment was the most suitable as compared to other treatments.
